Language Groups

No. of languages spoken

No. of speakers as mother-tongue and subsidiary 1931 ( bilinguals shown twice)

No. of speakers 1931

No. of speakers mother-tongue 1931

Difference between columns 4 & 5 ( increase in 1931 + decrease in 1931-)

Difference between columns 4 & 3 ( increase + decrease -)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Language of India and Burma

225

366430537

315525177

349887527

+94362350

+50905360

(I) Austric  Languages

1. Indonesian Languages

2

6542

5561

6542

+981

+981

2. Mon-Khmer Languages

10

734204

549917

726578

+176661

+184287

3. Munda Languages     [f.1] 

7

4710685

3973873

4609588

+635715

+736812

(II) Tibeto-Chinese  Languages

1. Tibeto-Burman Languages

128

14167611

11959011

12982840

+1023829

+2208600

2. Tai-Chinese Languages

11

1150220

926335

1027656

+101321

+223885

3. Man and Karen Languages     [f.2] 

17

1351291

1114617

1342278

+227661

+236674

(III) Dravidian  Languages

1. Dravida Languages

7

47032874

37285594

41454593

+4168999

+9747280

2. Intermediate Languages

5

3661277

3056598

3609418

+552820

+604679

3. Andhra Languages

1

28195824

23601492

26373727

+2772235

+4594332

4. N.W. Languages

1

231581

184368

207049

+22681

+47213

(IV) Indo-European Languages

1. Eranian Languages

3

2457134

1981675

2270466

+288791

+475459

2. Dardic Languages

5

1354031

1304319

1522936

+218617

+238712

3. Indo-AryanLanguages       

19

261105909

229560555

253699403

+24138848

+31545354

(V) Unclassed Languages

1.Andamanese

2

466

580

466

+114

-114

2.Burushashi

1

26076

---

26076

+26076

+26076

3.Gipsy dialects      [f.3] 

6

25999

15018

25999

+10981

+10981

4.Languages not returned and unspecified

---

     [f.4] 29813

5664

2912

+3752

+24149

B. Languages of other Asiatic counties and Africa

17

305386

211894

302324

+90430

+93492

C. Languages of Europe

10

452099

319112

339706

+20594

+132987

Name of State

Area sq. miles

Population Est. 1944

1

2

3

1. Alabama

51,609

2,818,083

2. Arirona

113,909

638,412

3. Aricansas   

53,102

1,776,446

4. California

158,693

8,746,989

5. Colorado

104,247

1,147,269

6. Connecticut

5,009

1,176,807

7. Delaware

2,057

283,802

8. Florida

58,560

3,367,217

9. Georgia

58,876

3,223,727

10 Idaho

83,557

531,573

11. Illinois

56,400

7,729,720

12. Indiana

36,291

3,419,707

13. Jowa

56,280

2,269,759

14. Kansas

82,276

1,774,447

15. Kentucky

40,395

2,630,194

16. Louisiana

48,523

2,535,385

17. Maine

33,215

793,600

18. Maryland

10,577

2,127,874

19. Massachusetts

8,257

4,162,815

20. Michigan

58,216

5,429,641

21. Minnesota

84,008

2,508,663

22. Mississippi

47,716

2,175,877

23. Missouri

69,674

3,589,538

24. Montana

147,138

464,999

25. Nebraska

77,237

1,213,792

26. Nevada

110,540

156,445

27. New Hampshire

9,304

457,231

28. New Jersey

7,836

4,167,840

29. New Mexico

121,666

532,212

30. New York

49,576

12,632,890

31. North Carolina

52,712

3,534,545

32. North Dakota

70,665

528,071

33. Ohio

41,222

638,667

34. Oklahoma

69,919

2,064,679

35. Oregon

96,981

1,214,226

36. Pennsylvania

45,332

9,247,088

37. Rhode-Island

1,214

778,972

38. South Carolina

31,055

1,923,354

39. South Dakota

77,047

558,629

40. Tennessee

42,246

2,870,158

41. Texas

267,339

6,876,248

42. Utah

84,916

606,994

43. Vermont

9,609

310,941

44. Virginia

40,815

3,119,115

45. Washington

68,192

2,055,378

46. West Virginia

24,181

1,715,984

47. Wisconsin

56,154

2,975,910

48. Wyoming

97,914

257,108

Hindu

Scheduled Castes

Muslims

Indian Christians

Anglo-Indians

Parsees

Sikhs

Jains

Buddhists

Tribes

Others

8,99,398

1,21,352

2,51,518

1,22,683

8,787

58,813

2,418

33,281

912

4,606

29,847

Total

1,489,883

Province or State

Net gain + or loss —

1931

Net gain + or loss -

1921

Variation 1921-31

Immigrants

Emigrants

Immigrants

Emigrants

Immigrants

Emigrants

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Provinces or States which gain

Assam

 Bengal

 Burma

Bombay

+ ,241,011

+ 771,936

+ 593,3244

- 596,707

1,314,047 1,726,370 617,521 1,188,901

73,036 954,434 24,197 592,194

+1,140,752 1,132,192

+ 553,471

- 472,023*

1,216,661 1,817,775 572,530 1,039,622

75,909 685,581 19,059 567,599*

+ 97,386

 - 91,405

- 44,991

+ 256,074

- 2,873

+ 68,853

+ 5,138

+318,280*[f5] 

Central Provinces and Berar.

Mysore

Delhi

Baroda

+ 27,003

215,462 +189,736 +127,907

649,064

340,700 259,163 333,077

422,061

125,238 69,427 105,176

+197,323 

+210,064 +113,158 +10,674

603.924

309,850 182,485 231,880

406,601

99,786 69,327 221,206

+ 45,140

+ 30,850

-76,678 +101,197

+15,460

+ 25,452

+100

-16,030

Central India Agency

+ 115,566

598,102

482,536

" 58,0^6

544,688

486,632

+ 53,414

- 4,096

Travancore

+ 83,919

133,852

49,933

+ 49,732

71,973

22,241

+ 61,879

+ 27,692

Ajmer-Merwara

+ 44,029

104,938

60,909

-}- 66,033

108,452

42,419

- 3,514

+18,490

Cochin

+ 41,424

87,214

45,790

+15,792

39,689

23,897

- 47,525

+ 21,893

Coorg

+ 35,388

38619

3,231

+ 30,988

33,838

2,850

+ 4,781

+381

Baluchistan

+ 23,779

66,542

42,763

+ 5,924

66,166

60,242

+376

-17,479

North West Frontier Province.

+21,187

111,868

90,681

+ 50,835

118,395

67,560

— 6,527

+ 23,121

Andamans and Nicobars.

+13,703

14,255

582

+14,080

14,396

316

—141

+236

Provioces or States which Lose

Sikkim

- 4,782

2,403

7,212

- 2,297

1,836

4,133

+594

+ 3,079

Gwalior

-14,471

281,350

296,821

+632

289,657

289,025

- 8,307

+ 7,796

Jammu and Kashmir

- 33,266

61,189

94,445

- 22,685

61,561

84,246

-372

+10,029

Punjab

- 67,792

635,025

702,817

+ 60,940

591,885

530,942

+ 43,140

+171,875

Hyderabad

-19,788

312,814

332,602

-166,326

197,127

363,453

+115,687

- 30,851

Western India States Agency

-186,890

106,795

293,685

Included against Bombay

Rajputana

-516,898

329,913

864,811

- 625,650

242,234

8,67,893

+ 87,670

- 21,082

Madras

- 888,339

246,892

1,135,231

- 718,183

196609

914,792

+ 50,283

+ 220,439

United Provinces

1,063,143

494,308

1,557,451

- 974,642

425,152

1,399,794

+ 69,156

+157,657

Bihar and Orissa

1,291,567

466,563

1,758,130

-1,567,968

387,068

1,955,036

+ 79,495

-196,906

Yield (Crores of Rupees)

Share in total revenue (per cent)

1921-22

1936-37

1938-39

1944-45

1953-54

1921-22

1936-37

1938-39

1944-45

1953-54

(R. E.)

(R. E.)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Total Revenue 

58.48

74.86

76.78

193.87

462.04

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

Land Revenue

29.08

25.96

25.40

30.21

69.20

49.7

34.7

33.1

15.6

15.0

State excise

15.67

13.63

13.08

43.42

44.81

26.8

18.2

17.0

22.4

9.7

Stamps

10.14

10.80

9.53

15.20

23.50

17.3

14.4

12.4

7.8

5.1

Registration

1.07

1.11

1.09

2.39

3.91

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.2

0.9

General Sales Tax

 .

7.91

57.25

4.1

12.4

Forests (net)

0.66

0.71

0.63

4.58

10.82

1.1

0.9

0.8

2.4

2.3

Irrigation works for which capital accounts are kept (net).

5.55

7.53

7.57

10.14

8.09

9.5

10.0

9.9

5.2

1.8

Devolution of revenue and grants from the Centre. (—)

9.02

2.67

6.45

36.89

117.92

3.6

8.4

19.1

25.6

Share of income tax assigned to States

3.09

0.04

1.47

25.75

56.90

5.3

0.1

1.9

13.3

12.3

Share of jute duty assigned to States

 .

2.13

2.51

1.48

2.8

3.3

0.8

Share of Central excise duty assigned to States

15.94

3.5

Grant of aid etc. from the Centre.

12.11

.5

2.47

9.66

45.08

.7

3.2

5.0

9.8

1950-51

1951-52

1952-53

1953-54* [f6] (R.E.)

1954-55 (B.E.)

Revenue

93.33

106.70

108.12

112.21

121.76

Expenditure

81.93

100.33

105.88

115.85

127.65

Surplus (+) or deficit (-)

(+) 1.45

(+) 6.17

(+)3.24

(-)3.64

(-) 5.89

Surplus (+) or deficit (-) (excluding transfers from and to Revenue Reserve Funds)

(+) 1.45

(+)5.97

(+)3.24

(-)3.64

(-) 5.89

1950-51

1951-52

1952-53

1953-54* (R.E.)

1954-55 (B.E.)

Revenue

214.37

315.60

229.32

357.49

367.17

Expenditure

293.08

309.10

329- 37

371.64

400.89

Surplus (+) or deficit (-)

(+) 1.29

(+) 6.50

(-)0.15

(-)14.15

(-) 33.72

Surplus (+) or deficit (-) (excluding transfers from and to Revenue Reserve Funds)

(-) 3.15

(-)2.25

(-) 12.01

(-)20.82

(-) 39.86

1921-22

1936-37

1938-39

1944-45

1953-54 (R.E.)

Total Revenue*[f7] 

80. 00

100

81.45

100

82.90

100

334.40

100

394-34

100

Customs (net)

 31.61

39.5

38.11

46.8

40.51

48.9

39.77

11.9

160.00

40.6

Taxes on income (net)

 18.74

23.4

14.33

18.8

13.74

16.6

80.52

24.1

69.31

17.6

Corporation tax

2.04

2.5

84.22

25.2

38.4

9.7

Central excise duties (net) . .

2.80

3.5

13.35

16.4

8.66

10.5

38.14

11.4

78.00

19.8

Salt duty

 6.34

7.9

8.81

10.8

8.12

9.8

9.29

2.8

Commercial Departments—

Railways (net contribution)

(-)9.09

1.37

1.7

32.00

9.6

7.50

1.9

Posts & Telegraphs (net) . .

.14

0.2

0.19

0.2

10.25

3.1

2.02

0.5